National symbols

The national flag is established on the 18th of November 1991.
The state emblem is established on the 2nd of July 1992.
The national anthem is established on 10th of December 1992.

State structure
Uzbekistan is a sovereign democratic republic.
All citizens of Uzbekistan, who have reached the age of 18, have a
general electoral right.
The system of the government includes: legislative, executive and
judicial branches.
Oliy Majlis, which is exercises legislature, is a superior,
representative body in the government.
Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan consists of two houses: House
of Legislature ( lower house) and Senate (higher house). Term of office
is fife years.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan work:
- The Constitutional Court
- The Supreme Court
- The Superior Economic Court
- Military Courts
- The Office of Public Prosecutor

Holidays
The 1st of January – New Year
The 8th of March - International Women’s Day
The 21st of March – Navruz
The 9th of May – The Day of Memory and Honors
The 1st of September – The Day of Independence
The 1st of October – The Day of Teacher and Mentor
The 8th of December – The Day of Constitution
Moving holidays: Kurbon Khait and Ramazan Khait

Geographical Review
The Republic of Uzbekistan stays in the middle of Central Asia; it is
situated between two great rivers- Amudaria and Sirdaria. The Republic
of Uzbekistan has five neighbors – in the north and northwest-
Kazakhstan, in southwest – Turkmenistan, in northeast- Kirgizia, in
southeast- Tadjikistan, in the south- Afganistan.
The length of borders is 6221 km.
The highest top of mountains is 4643m.
of north?-00?The Rebublic of Uzbekistan is situated on 41 latitude and
of east longitude.?-00?64
The state territory comes to 447,4 thousands km2.The population is 25,8
million people. Average density .?is 49 people for 1 km
City-dwellers-45%.Natality-27.Average life expectancy: men-64 years,
women-70 years.
The territory of Uzbekistan is divided into: Autonomous Republic of
Karakalpakstan,12 regions, 163 districts, 120 cities.

Climate
The climate is hot, dry, and sharply continental.
The coldest month is January. Average temperature in winter is 0-2 C
The hottest month is July. Average temperature in summer is more than 35 C. The most favorable time to come to Uzbekistan is spring, from the end of March till the beginning of
June, and autumn, from September till the beginning of November.

Nature
The growth of mountains resulted in dryness of the climate and gradually
deserts Karakum and Kizilkum appeared. The slopes of
mountain range, which are included in the borders of our Republic, are:
West Tyan-Shyan, Pamir-Altay.
High seismicity is typical for Uzbekistan, but the scientists are
saying that strong earthquakes appear very rarely, they are observed one
time in century.

Natural resources
In Uzbekistan there are the richest deposits of noble, color and rare
metals, all kinds of organic fuel-oil, natural gas and a gas condensate,
brown coal, combustible slate, uranium.

Water resources
On territory of republic two large rivers proceed:
Amu Darya and Syr-Darya which originate outside republic. But Amu Darya
by the bottom part of current (1415 km) appears within the limits of
Uzbekistan, and Syr-Darya-the second river on water content, by the
average part (2212 km).
Large lakes: Sudochye in delta of Amu Darya and Aydarkul.

Flora
The flora of Uzbekistan totals over 3700 kinds of plants. 20 % from
these kinds are endemics (they are not met anywhere); the most part of
them grow in mountains. The flora of steppes and deserts consists of
original bushes. On the low plains the grassy, wood and shrubby
vegetation is developed .For tugai thrickets of a reed and dog-bane are
characteristic.
In a landscape of plains-grasses and trees are not present, there are
bushes. Various kinds of an onions, tulips, a rhubard, irises grow here.
High foothills are dry steppe with different grasses on dark gray
soils. On stony sites grow bushes-almonds and other.
I On the lowmountains grows basically such sort of wood as zeravshan
spruce.Also the walnut, a birch, a willow, a poplar, a cherry magalebka,
a maple, a hawthorn, different forms of a wild apple-tree are widespread
deciduous sorts.
The low mountains are very rich with bushes: a honeysuckle, a
barberry, a dogrose, tavolga, thrickets of a wild vineyard. The set of
grasses is very various: a sage muscat, zizifora, a rhubard, sorrel,
tulips, pskem onions (the most valuable herb). On the middlemountains
the dogrose and other bushes grows. On high mountains only 20 % are
covered by vegetation.

Fauna
Also as well as the flora, fauna of Uzbekistan is various. Here there
are many representatives of the Asian fauna. Among them mammals
(hedgehog, a turtle, the fox, , a hare, the wolf, djeyran, a saiga, a
wild boar, винторогий a goat, the mountain ram, a badger, a marten, a
bear, a leopard, an ermine, the Siberian mountain goat, the jackal, a
Bukhara deer, the gopher, jerboa), kowtowing (geckoes, agama, sandy boa,
an arrow-snake, the Central Asian cobra, fourstriped
runner), birds (the bustard-beauty, thick-knee, steppe buzzard, jay,
twisting tube, porridge, lentil, a greater turtle-dove, a black
signature stamp, white-headed griffon, the bearded man, a daw, a
pheasant, a cuckoo, forty, black a raven, a southern nightingale, a
moustached titmouse), insects and others.
In reservoirs we can meet about 70 kinds of fishes: amudarya trout, a
pike, aral small fry, a sazan, a silver crucian, a catfish, a pike
perch, the perch, an ordinary silver carp, a white cupid and others.

Economy
74 % of stocks of a gas condensate, 31 % of oil, 40 % of natural gas and 55 % of coal of all
Central Asian region are related to Uzbekistan. On extractions of
natural gas the republic takes the third place among the CIS countries
and enters in ten the largest gas countries of the world. Uzbekistan is
included into number of the countries possessing the largest resources
of precious and rare metals.
Now it is reconnoitered more than 30 deposits of gold. Its basic stocks
are concentrated in deposits of Central Kizilkum. Muruntau is the
largest of known on the Euroasian continent, with the high maintenance
of gold in ore. The Uzbek gold is one of the most qualitative in the
world and is awarded numerous international prizes.
Leading agricultural manufacture is cotton-growing. Being the most
northern in the world area of cotton-growing, Uzbekistan borrows 5th
place in the world (after the USA, India, the Peoples Republic of China
and Pakistan) on manufacture and 2nd place on export. Textile, sewing
and leather and shoe making branches are allocated. Everywhere there are
enterprises of the food-processing industry.

Education
Obligatory education in Uzbekistan includes in itself: an elementary
education (1-4 classes), the general secondary education (5-9 classes),
an average special, professional (three-year training). Preparation of
experts with higher education is carried out in 63 higher educational
institutions 20 universities, 43 institutes.

The historical information
The general age of human life in territory of modern Uzbekistan exceeds
one million years. The first state formations have developed in the
beginning of the first millennium B.C. and they are mentioned in
"Avesta". These are Sogd, Baktriya, Khorezm.
VI century B.C.- Akhemenids have conquered the country.
329-327 years B.C. – The invasion of Alexander Macedon’s army.
250 year B.C. – The formation of Greece-Bactrian state
I-IV centuries –Uzbekistan is a part of Kanguy state and Kushan state
V century- The state of Eftalits
VI century-the beginning of VIII century- The state of Turks
VIII century- The invasion of Arabs, spreading of Islam
IX-X centuries-The state of Samanids
XI-XII centuries-The state of Karakhanids
1219-1224 years- The descent of Mongol - Tatars army
1370-1501 years- The state of Timur and Timurids
XVI century- The state of Sheybanids
XVI century- The formation of Khiva khanate
The beginning of XVIII century- The formation of Kokand khanate
XVI century- The formation of Bukhara khanate (from 1755 year-Emirate)
The 40-50th of XIX century- Central Asia is conquered by Russian army
1917-1920 years – Civil War and establishment of soviet government.
1924 year- The formation of UzbekSSR
1936 year - KarakalpakASSR was included into Uzbekistan
The 31st of August 1991 – The proclamation of independence of
Uzbekistan.

The Great Silk Road
The main tourist routes of Uzbekistan pass on lines of the Great trading
way which has arisen in II century B.C. “Silk” it has received the name
only in 1877 in works of German historian F.Richtgofen. Extent of the
Great Silk way made 12 thousand kilometers. It began on coast of Yellow
sea and went to East Turkestan, the Central Asia, Iran, двуречье and at
coast of Mediterranean sea. On this way such large ancient cities of our
country as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khorezm, Merv and others were settled
down. From Sogd to China woolen fabrics, carpets, various ornaments and
jewels were carried; from Fergana –thoroughbred horses; from Badakhshan
–azurite acted; from India to the Central Asia there were caravans with
cotton fabrics and seeds of a cotton, from China- silk, rice,
and from the Central Asia to China – grapes, walnuts, pomegranates and
other products were delivered.
The central Asia became a place of crossing of the basic directions of
international trade. Merchants, handicraftsmen, scientists and musicians
from the various countries were gathered here. Having appeared as
trading road, the Great silk way became the center of wide economic and
cultural interaction and interchange between people of the East and the
West. Feature, force and the importance of the Great silk way consists

Visas
In order to apply for the visa, foreign citizens and stateless persons are to submit to the diplomatic or consular mission of Uzbekistan abroad the following documents:

A passport or a stateless person’s document, the expiry date of which must exceed the visa’s period of validity not less than 3 (three month).
2 (two) copies of the visa application form duly completed.
2 (two) passport-photographs (3х4 cm.).

For a transit visa foreign citizens and stateless persons in addition to the abovementioned documents must have visa of the country of final destination and travel documents certifying the date of departure from Uzbekistan. In that case, visa applications are processed within working 3 days.

Simplified Visa Regulations for the citizens of some countries
There is a bilateral Visa Free Regulation with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, as well as Kyrgyzstan (up to 60 days).

There is a simplified visa procedure for the citizens of Austria, Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Malaysia, Spain Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States.
Businessmen of these countries are issued multiple entry visas up to one year and tourists – up to one month, additionally, they do not require to submit to the Foreign Ministry an invitation of legal entity or natural person in Uzbekistan or tour-voucher. Visas are issues within 2 working days, excluding the day the documents are submitted.

There is Visa Free Regulation up to 90 days for the diplomatic passport possessors of Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey. The accredited personnel of the diplomatic missions and international organisations may stay on territory of the Sides without visa for the whole period of professional activity.
There is Visa Free Regulation up to 90 days for the service passport possessors.

Some tashkent photos